Unknown Speaker 00:01 Even if the nation's economy then states, an economic setback to push the child poverty rate even higher for children are the first to suffer during recessions. And the last the benefits of recovery. Not only will American children before us at the turn of the century, there will be fewer of them to train carrying involved in a major an aging and a multi trillion dollar deficit, debt ridden economy into the next century, and a large portion of them comes back into our shores. Unless America heals its racial divisions, the chickens of continuing racism will also continue to decline in economic competitiveness, and quality of life. By the year 2000, the total number of minority children will increase by over 25% and will constitute 1/3 of all children, the number of white non Hispanic children will increase by only two tenths of 1%. In the 22nd century, America may become a majority non white nation, we're closely resembling today's world which is two thirds non white, the number of young adults 18 to 14 years old, who are college students, labor force, military recruits and parents will continue to decline between 1985 and 2030. And all of the growth after the year 2000 will be largely minority between now in the year 2000. Fully one in four of new labor force entrants will be white male, in 2000. The Hudson Institute estimates that only 50% of all new labor force entries will be white males born in the US. There are these demographics do not dictate destiny, attitudes, leadership and values do. It is the set of the national sales and not the Gale that will determine the safety and quality of America's future. We cannot go back and change the last decades growth rates, but we can prevent and reduce our rising Child Family and fueling deficits in the waning years of the 20th century doing what is right and doing what is necessary to say our national debt is Unknown Speaker 02:23 at the Children's Defense Fund, we see the 1990s as a marvelous opportunity to revitalize and strengthen our democracy they 12 years with the new century Dawn's new global economic and military challenges, America will be ready to compete economically and leave morally only if we stopped cheating and neglecting our children itself is short sighted, personal and political game, stop playing to our racial path and recognize that America's ideals, future and faith are intertwined with the fake, poor and non white children as it is with this privilege and why they love our children more than each other. And our proceeds are real external and acquire the discipline to invest preventively and systematically in all of our children now, in order to reap a better trained workforce, and more stable families tomorrow, so clear national state, community and personal goals which are survival and development and invest whatever leadership, commitment, time and money and sustained efforts are needed to achieve the cost of repairing our crumbling national foundation to be expensive in leadership, time and money. The cost of not repairing it while attempting to patch it cosmetic may be fake. Now is the time for us to begin the shoring up of our national foundation together leadership from the new president in Congress unless the entire nation localizes to children and the future. He child and maternal health independence, which have stagnated for all babies and eroded for some while further by the year 2000. The rich democratic America with the world's most sophisticated technology somehow can not do a better job to save and producing healthy things than some communists and poor third world countries already do. Today we were at in the world behind surveillance and for an overall infant mortality and 26 in the world and keeping our black babies alive behind Cuba and Bulgaria. Black baby wouldn't lose any choice or in the shadow of the White House in Congress was more likely to die in the first year of life in 1986 than the baby born in Jamaica. Trinidad and Tobago, Chile, Panama, Romania, or the Soviet Union, black infant mortality rates in 1986. Based on the 88 trends, the United States will never make the surgeon general scope me nice and now we can just chill. While we correctly spend though this to combat the new textualism phase for which there is no cure, we need to invest the modest means to save our children. We do in fact know how to prevent it costs about $1 to immunize a child and save $10 immediate costs. aids will take an increasing toll on families and children in the next decade. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that within two years, at least 10,000 shown to be effective iba MBA the majority of more young children will have mothers in the labor force. Today half of all children onto my mother through labor force than too few of them have available safe and affordable childcare by the year 2007 out of 10 preschool children. The fastest growing segment of the homeless population in America is families with children. According to the National Academy of Sciences, an estimated 100,000 Children are homeless each night. We will still housing for low and moderate income families, streets and shelters have no place to raise children. The rage and pain of these homeless, homeless abused, alienated children who continue to explode in our faces in communities all we can say about children. What I just told you about the treads was not to in any way Unknown Speaker 07:03 depress you, or to put you into a state of non action. But it was simply to say, this is what is happening. This is what may happen in the future. But we can say our show, but we can only do it by making hard national priority choices. And we always our national investment. It's a matter of political will not money. At the Children's Defense Fund. We recently issued a bill of health for America's children that Bill hope is included in the packet of information that I gave our immediate preventive investment goals are to ensure health for every loving mother and child who they should by 1992 has as was mentioned this morning, it is only the United States in South Africa only industrialized developed questions which do not have a national health care policy goal is to ensure that this is the two hours that you have the Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children. The program we know with reaches all rather than just half of the women and children needing efficiency. Our investment to ensure that every eligible child eligible child will be able to enroll in Headstart program by 1990. To ensure that American children fully immunized five, ensure that every low income child with the mother in the labor force has available affordable quality childcare to immediate and accurate and deactivated childcare services. Six ensure that every child eligible for the compensatory education services of chapter one of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act who received them by 1992. That is a goal already set by Congress since 97. increase the minimum wage and other family input supplements and ensure decent affordable housing for every child. We believe that these first two year survival goals are achievable over the next four or five years. And it should be pursued as fast as the delivery systems and these are very successful and proposal programs effectively serving children. The longer we wait the word children we lose. Many of you may recall that President Bush made many promises about children during the election campaign. As we all know, particularly those of you appear. It's very important not to wait forums to chime in we believe that these books are an active and become part of national policy that all of us I just kept our promises to show to the staff in those we have anymore. And I invite you to leave and we have time and we believe this bill of hope can become a reality for children need your help, let me suggest nine steps you can take in 1989. Now, you don't need to take all of them. So please don't don't think I'm trying to tie up your entire 1989 agenda. Even one step will make a difference on behalf about children. And again, this dictation to get the steps that I was going to outline I've also given them to you and hopefully to act on, we really encourage you to write letters to the house speaker, Jim Wright to send it electronically to George Mitchell and President Bush and tell them to place preventive investments it shows you that the top of their priorities in Congress assented to and a representative believes in one person, right, then that probably means it might only have 25 to 50 other people who could not right, so the lead is in fact really scared them to death. So one letter means for more than you probably ever know in terms of significance. If you don't have time for that you can do something for me today. I have a petition as part of your passion. And if you fill out the petition to President Bush continue to pack and I'll take you back to we asked you to write letters to your professional representative and US Senator supporting the investments in children I outlined above. Unknown Speaker 11:44 Watch how they vote. Even more importantly, the writers in those calling them accountable by two governors, state senator and Representative urging them to support well conceived state initiatives chosen, do your part in making sure that they are well conceived and well to invite newly elected and incumbent local officials to a post election forum to talk about the problems of children in your community, and to talk about how they intend to work with you to address these problems. get personally involved with one young person as a to appointments and get involved in your organization that serves needy children and families. And because of time, I'm going to ask you to leave the last for yourself. I think we can all agree that there are no simple or single answers to the complex problem of child and family poverty, any more than there are to proliferating nuclear and conventional pollution of the air we breathe, water we drink and food. But there are and hands of mercy and minds with vision and commitment are translated into communities all around the country into into child lives. Their individual life advice ethics will take many years, many ups and downs, small victories and big setbacks before they yield a critical mass of positive results. But they will soon they'll do joined by millions more citizen hands and by supporting government and sensitive private sector leaders at all levels. I think for us as women, it really has to do with an individual and collective commitment to preserving and perpetuating our achievement. Our tradition of achievement against the odds, respect for ourselves to each other for the elderly, as well as for our children and service to the least among us. Well, it is the nature of the human cycle and the human spirit that each generation passes on a legacy and division. Beyond your professional astute roles. This may mean within your families strengthening prayers if you are religious ranking school meals and participation in school work in a non school activities. Our children need constructive alternatives to the street, we must do things with them. We must join together as an entire community, a community of parents to establish an ethic of achievement and service in both poor and middle class children. Let us strive to make sure our own personal behavior reflects the honesty respect, caring and a strong sense of self. We ask young people to strive for in their lives. And if you want them to time supporting through donations, organizations and institutions that are working to improve the quality of life. Each one of us has the right to determine how we will save the child time talent ties, but no one of us has the right not to act. Oftentimes, we get so caught up in the complex complexities and intricacies of everyday living, that we all do. Look, the fact that it really is a simple act on the part of each one of us, the little things that begin to build the foundation for change our voice and speaking up in form, and systems, translated into action by our books, and our acts to create a fundamental and for them to sound change in the lives of our children. Building strong children, families and communities does not happen overnight. But chipping away year after year until the tough barriers they face for Unknown Speaker 15:51 our national goal setting, planning and implementation strategies. Let's incorporate the understanding that poverty is the child of many causes, which affects different children from different families income, racial and cultural groups, and geographic areas for different reasons, at different times, with different consequences requiring different things. Most poor people are not in an underclass and go in and out of poverty for different reasons. All teams at risk of pregnancy, pregnancy share a common need for responsible adult communication. But poor teens also need good basic skills and the hope that the future ahead is worth to a parenthood. Careful my work and analysis coupled coupled with boundless persistence by all of us who seek to protect the future, our preconditions to successful outcomes. My god model, burying my le President shoulders, often tells this story about her role models to Germany to a slave woman who can neither read nor write, but stay in big shoes in very simple way to German navigating and talking of fighting against slavery within the mistreatment of women that is going against odds greater than those we and our children face today. Once I have to tell us the jhipster journey that he can't know more about a topic for fleabite, maybe not what's the answer, but the Lord willing, I'll keep you scratching. I think together and we have the children's best thing together, we can keep this government scratch. And so we have formed a pool of things that make it possible for all of our children to live their lives with dignity, thank you. Unknown Speaker 17:50 Because this one is for me, I have to get back to DC. I'm take questions. Now. If you haven't, please know that what I've tried to do in active innovation is provide you with a set of statistics that you may use to articulate arguments, particularly cost effective argument, as you can report to the chickens and into the important. Unknown Speaker 18:34 In 1993, the Children's Defense Fund began a major initiative with respect to Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and became one of our main lesson programs. We decided at that time, that we really could take no position. And I think the question really has to do with that we as an organization, take take no position in Washington. Why? Because we felt that there were so many other people already to daily, that we could add nothing to it, what role but we honestly believe that for us to take any position takes away from the work that we have to do, which is about programming and appropriations for children. So as an institution I'm often struck Unknown Speaker 19:22 by some issues of taxation in schools arise, actually, I realized that that's kind of projection, but let us say that there are areas where there are no longer great numbers of children never was. There's a need for support for children. And I wonder if the Children's Defense has pressed itself for that. Problem, specific. Material seems to be absolutely critical in this country, everyone, regardless of whether they still race takes a position of responsibility for the children of this country. Again, this is an issue. Specific, Unknown Speaker 20:30 I believe you talked about making the leakages in all different groups. And yes, absolutely goes into how we work with children's events. And one of the groups that we've been working with and making presentations to the beginning the dialogue between AR Yes, because you see, as for many of us as we get older, and we will need the support systems, social security, or however that may be defined as we move into the next century, it is very young children talking about that will need to support us. So we need to make the connections between how well we educate the young people, which is why we talk about how the ethnic makeup and innovation makeup of the labor force is changing as we move into the next century, because the children that we've been educated will fail to educate educated society. Now when it comes to workers of the 21st century, who will then hopefully support us as we get older. So we're beginning to make those linkages between old people, elderly people, not only what they can do to work with them, but also why it's important to us as a society. And for many of us, it's also a very selfish reason to not because we will leave them support us as we get older. Unknown Speaker 22:08 Again, in 1983, it was a big initiative, Marian Wright Edelman really began to explore not only the statistics, but at the interconnectedness of so many of the problems facing young people, we now know that those young people who are born into poverty, face a greater risk of pregnancy than Indian people. Even more startling, those young people with low basic skills are at a greater risk of becoming fragile, regardless of race. So as we began to look at the interconnectedness of the problems, it was felt that if we really started to, to put forward a comprehensive program to inspect Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, in fact, we will be attempting to tackle or at least to begin to analyze one of the most complex phenomenons in our society. So we started that it's actually seven point COVID. We started by consciousness raising public education. And we've worked together groups of initially women leaders, to begin to, to analyze the data, and even more importantly, to begin to disaggregate because we know that different kinds of phenomena affect different groups for different reasons. That was step one, we also began a major media campaign, understanding power of the media in American society, we've had to complete the messages our young people, again, about sex and sexuality. And some other messages that spoke without delaying pregnancy to the new choose, we'll be right. Along with that we began the adolescent pregnancy child watch Project, which is really our way of doing local communities, what we do on the national level, we train people, local communities to conduct needs assessments of what it is that is happening, or the needs and programs that are happening in their communities on behalf of people, and more importantly, what is not happening in their communities for young people after their data today, that is through an interview technique. After they get gather the data, analyze it, they write a report, and then they issue with recommendations and Agenda for Action on behalf of people. At this point we have I'm not quite sure of the number but certainly about 75 child watch projects in 30 states. Also, as part of the adolescent pregnancy initiative, we understand that adolescent pregnancy sex sexuality in our society is a very controversial issue. And oftentimes to get people to sit down at the table together, there has to be a consensus issue and in Many cases, and in many in many communities, that issue was prenatal care. We do not want our babies dying, and teenagers who become pregnant and decide to have their babies. Oftentimes we are waiting for these children the more low birth weight or infancy yet, so we began the prenatal care campaign in many communities and states. We issued publication. And hopefully our publications don't attempt to do public education around the data. And the information research that we've done over time, those publications come out. Very often those of you who listen to this, and probably have filed with a CDA publication, because the one thing we did was an adolescent pregnancy prevention Clearinghouse. So when the average is four to six times a year, we examine in depth, one of the particular aspects of this conference and two of the issues that were most well received by by most of you are the issues on voice. This is most people who say, Well, this whole issue of adolescent pregnancy is almost if it's a female problem, what about the board? And in fact, what about publications with the title? What about boys after putting all of this together and working with children's advocates and people in your field all around the country, we have now decided that in addition to these kinds of activities, we're also going to go into several communities take what we've learned and work in partnership in communities so that we together working with local communities can be begin to plan the suggestions that will bring about institutional change and children in those communities and those that are Commonwealth it's probably a little bit more than you asked for, but that's basically what the Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Initiative supports policies Unknown Speaker 27:17 I understand marathon dynamic force issues so policy is policy ultimately recipe Unknown Speaker 27:25 for Unknown Speaker 27:27 the organization to do Unknown Speaker 27:31 Yeah, me and my other one makes the final decision online on whatever policy whatever condition is articulated. However, in order to survive that goes well informed particularly the decisions that she makes there's a staffing approximately at both at the national office and for state offices. We have several we have many divisions in the education division, the childcare division government appears and so working with these people as well as working with and listening to people in communities all around the country that ultimately the decisions that we make and positions that we articulate our Unknown Speaker 28:25 service Unknown Speaker 28:27 to work with you Sure I'm sure knows exactly. We have no choice see day to day effects. Which doesn't mean that's all there Unknown Speaker 29:21 is a beginning Unknown Speaker 29:29 we have no choice but to address that because of the impact not only on children and families but also on the whole health care system. So we were doing that your research to adopt new patient medications, both through our child welfare division as well as our health care Hey what's going Unknown Speaker 30:16 on my name is Mindy Abramovitz. And I teach at our school social workers. I keep social policy, I say that because of this Unknown Speaker 30:39 to our policy, Unknown Speaker 30:45 proposal, program, social policy, and just a few other things I have been alluding to two years, and in my first job after I graduated shower AFDC or welfare. And I say that because when we talk about that I was thinking about the title suggests women and children at risk and poverty. And I thought, well, House House were interested since women and children artists, and poverty has a relationship with a society, family, the labor market, and the welfare state. So I'm going to focus my comments today on relationship to the welfare state and social welfare, particularly the AFDC COVID. As you probably know, many COVID In principle, they don't have support, financial support given the marital and having breadwinner. And in particular, that we've done one more that I want to talk about a shout out to my family Security Act of 1988, which I think you may know better as Belfair reform. And hear my remarks and attempt to answer the question that why program has not served women very well. Today, how the political system is known for slow and incremental change, in ideas, so controversial for 20 years in such widespread political support, to transform a major entitlement program to change the philosophy of social welfare. And so I didn't want to begin I liked it. If you indulge me in a little bit, discussion of background AFDC you may not be familiar with it, but the history is before. But even before that, just the comments about the quality of COVID you may or may not know that few women who live above the poverty 100 contrary to all the hoopla about social welfare programs for whom the deficit in fact the real value of the AFDC benefit funds and 31% from 1970 to 9898, top ASBC and food stamps and together now for the family of three above the poverty line in any state of our pension. in 39 states benefits fell below 75% of the special, which is widely known to understate. Moreover, since the mid 70s, was a FPC of course the president level for a stabilize and the 1987 accounted for only 0.76 0.7 0.76%. So much for NPC. social welfare programs and especially AFDC I particularly am not treat anybody very well, but has received the brunt of this lack of generosity and punitive. Any of these things enacted in 1935 as part of the landmark Social Security and Social Security pensions, unemployment insurance, and AFDC, whoever was enacted to help single mothers, their homes, their kids. The but over the years, the focus has been low funded by low benefits and generally characterized by very restrictive rules, more so than any other public assistance programs like aid to the blind or disabled. Now, both Security Income save on public assistance programs that are in the same category, which acted as a category is different from the social insurance programs unemployment insurance, Social Security which are are not used to the public isn't the first and foremost thing. And AFDC is one of those even worse treatments. If you see low federal matching will begin. So federal reimbursement and the benefit levels offered to mothers and children are lower than for the city of Detroit. And we see the low funding the restrictive rule together operated Unknown Speaker 35:37 in political work, Unknown Speaker 35:39 because they made it harder for women ended up in the labor market. So it's the fact that they couldn't they couldn't qualify and ended up working. So I have to say that work fair to ASPC is nothing new. And I mentioned this in the major part of the family support app. A few other things about the benefits of ASD status coding was set up for the husband was Mother's Day home with their children. And the welfare grant did not include any money for the moment until 19 and 15th year that is the appropriate position for a potential with ABC in 1930, and anything related to employee and Member States simply refuse to send them to the ferry enough to interfere with local demand for field hands and right now. People are embarrassed. In the 1950s and 1960s, families headed by single mothers divorced within a desert wide and limited fell it became overrepresented on the welfare roll, which meant to be one that would take care of widows and children previously now. Over time, the composition of program changes to Social Security program, so the widows and their children so it's been leaving others who had not been married or deserted. And as a population of competition caseload and population, the program change begins to attend to the creation of punitive and restrictive rules. Some of you may remember the Civil Code regulations a sec, the man in the house rules the midnight rate. These will all basically define moral norms that is standards that were used for eligibility with finding even though the program was supposed to be exclusively as qualified for the terms and things. But symptoms that was supposed to be a program for a single parent family, they were searching to see that the man in the house was disqualified, and can make excuses. And 1000s of women's, particularly the staff that not only encouraged me to these kinds of policies, and so they ended up voting in the Supreme Court to say a rule like a moral rules and residency requirements, unconstitutional. And that time, civil rights and welfare rights began to play welfare as the right social action. So around this time, and we can't say there's a causal link, but at the same time, how much of the informal work on what am I going to do in London Unknown Speaker 38:56 we work upon a formula, such as financial work incentives, voluntary climate change, and now the word family. In other words, they started to introduce the idea that as a future mothers should work, because change the notion of the origin. So there's a word for the fact that involved in the history of the field never articulated. So now we're up to the Family Support Act of 1988. And it really continued the practice of putatively imposing work on people according to describe why think about the characteristics of the population, they will fit into that category. Now that you have also brought the dramatic shift in the philosophy of social welfare. First, the Family Support Act officially transformed AFDC increases with programs In this demo, we'll get you up into a mandatory working training program to catch what's going to work out. Second, it replaces the liberal physical title social responsibility for the fourth with the neoconservative. Reciprocal obligation, what specifically for that will make maybe a proposed a new social contract based on mutual obligations emitted in the welfare, women on that family stay under this term, very, very generous parental agreement to become self sufficient, if exchanged with the title company facilitates us support. The contract required living on welfare with children under age three, and it will go down to age one states participate in the work in training programs, that has changed for this state welfare department has to provide a range of employment, education and social services. Women who refuse to participate can face a reduction or loss of their benefits and seem to apply to the state welfare department, even though the arrangement is called the contract. Now, I don't have any weapons. Unknown Speaker 41:23 Away from self sufficiency, infrastructure, family life, but in my opinion, the new welfare reform the ones that the product is up in the air, and cheaper for employers to hire than that particular service provide a serious attention. But I'm not going to, I don't have enough time to focus on that, as well as what I'd like to talk about. And what I want to talk about, again, is why have the two widespread consent was developed for this purpose. I'd like to do this for me, and I'm going to talk about the last. The first reason I quoted last time. And this refers to the fact that the early data locating form today contain many possibilities, many provisions that liberal advocates have insight into what is happening, something Unknown Speaker 42:17 that happens. Unknown Speaker 42:19 A few of these problems is realized by legislation somewhat modified to really worked. So before the last Unknown Speaker 42:29 the new programming that the old one and Unknown Speaker 42:34 the second one in the door. And this is the idea that some change is better than nothing at all, that we get up quickly do we open the way for future liberalization of a not so positive, necessarily a big argument, building consensus about the third region has to deal with the way this failure seems to mesh with the agenda of business and industry today. So emphasizes identity employment and training programs, and getting more women to work performance to work very well with what you're showing them hearing about if this industry is concerned about labor shortages, and particularly labor shortages is an entry level job. And the second issue that keeps coming up is concerned about quality, the fastest growing segments of the labor, listed as women without ease. So welfare reform could possibly be a way to ease some of these problems. And you might put that in the context of the overall attack on labor. That's a very good ministration and seemingly states. And across major political consensus, the one that I would work well on is what I call the feminization of that. I mean, I have to say something about the Word underclass, because I hate it. Don't want that I wish we would never use it. Honestly tell us very unfairly, we can do a lot of bad and negative images, some of which are going to be talking about. I haven't come up with a better word, but I think we should think and try to devise a better word. dislocation is placed in isolation with some people why that happens. I think that's part of the meaning. The understand people who have been referred to this notion of decentralization they underpin it but obvious in some ways more conservative on the other based on what I need I've had an ideology, which is both views in two ways, I'm going to highlight one of the two on day two, the notion of the proper role, and then looked at any of these relationships. In the second idea, we do want theories of poverty and popularize the idea that and then play into the negative attitudes that arose in that and then negative sentiment. So let me talk about the negative as the major what I've been taught and the idealized version of women as a family type called Family ethic and the family, dominant nuance, and articulating his proper work and family roles and positions and supports the male or the female, homemaker, family and family, ethically speaking COVID. bios and provide the basis for justifying and promoting I think it's human Unknown Speaker 46:12 nature, that women, Unknown Speaker 46:15 particularly for women differently according to their ability to get abilities to conform to social welfare programs have always been able to regulate the life force of capital. That is the general division of labor that's contained in the fact that as many of you know emerged, the early 1800s and the industrial revolution are separate domestic production activities that were previously combined. A new market economy to make transportation. Your abdominal stairs feeling from a woman crisis. That family has to pay the double standard is directed towards white, middle class married women, it did not really account for the experience of husband or wife, immigrant women or women of color was prevented by the terms of the family, but will not always be touched on. It institutionalized when slavery was imposed. The family ethic requested the double standard as a society that Unknown Speaker 47:51 one day, but as Unknown Speaker 47:55 the family has is located, and some would say large, white middle class wanted to live into the home and glorify their family roles. But if I did no such recognition was support the poor white. White society not only refused to recognize the family, but I was in the pilot in accomplishing economic ends up being assaulted his family, and often, instead of protection, the labor of women, women of color was exploited outside their homes and their womanhood denied. Slavery was going to fall into the field, industrial revolution, the need for cheap labor to whites in New England. And when they lead to better jobs and teachers, immigrant lives and enjoy this day for immigrants continue to work very low wages and home factories offices, although the labor force now other than those who choose to work there. And the general parameters of the family admin are encoded in the normal regulations for social welfare and also the FDA FTC. And as a result, these programs by and large get named differently according to the ability to find Unknown Speaker 49:23 and reward those deals and penalize Unknown Speaker 49:26 those who cannot or choose not to do so. Let me say most generally, the social welfare programs tend to define marriage and previously married women. Widows, why the second thing is particularly important employment is more deserving of aid and treat them better. And single mothers abandoned wives and those who male breadwinner failed to provide steady support the undeserving deserving quote, separately effectively, the undeserving are more likely to be poor women and they were the color of life circumstances by which they may not benefit, regimental a force to work and the welfare reform will come back to keep this in mind with a productive discussion. But I want to say now, just definitely, briefly, cultural part of the theory because I have a few welfare concerns, which strive to preserve. And they really exist to culture and poppy fields floating around like that. And one is, the first one is the earliest one that was called the culture of poverty. The underclass, really, in terms of their attitudes that people have a contagious thing people do. And it's often described in terms of individuals who have low self esteem, a lack of friends, time orientation, inability to defer gratification, avoidance of responsibility, an absence of achievement, and negative characteristics, adjusting retrenched, reinforcing and resistant to change. These behaviors are then linked to many of the social problems that appear in particularly in our inner cities refer to the psychological behavior function. And he's already talking about this illusions that this theory then suggests that rehabilitate people your program that modify or punish the unproductive behavior analysis or programs that cut the practice of cutting welfare programs to choose the weakening of the work in the family, to either the victim militate or punish the individual handled is their choice trade impact about two teams according to finish. That was recently and yield from a different perspective on what structural systemic effective investments were they really enjoyed as well. Black University of Chicago sociologist at this at this analysis emphasizes the structural factors that contribute to the development of what was supposed to play such as extraordinarily high rates of black male unemployment, the team leads to the cancellation economy today to social isolation of again, a lack of role models and opportunities, which he leads to the clap from the inner cities, an extra seven facilitated by equal opportunity of programs and also to the declining marriage rates due to a shortage of economically viable, stable, and that's marriageable black men with the highest employment, death rates, population in the black finish list available, a marriage counselor firing unit here wasn't trying very hard to get there explanation of why people understand this relationship with other things. And this illusion is focused more heavily on institutional and behavioral change. One of the two somewhat oversimplified theories, and yet they're very ideological very difficult in some ways, I think they just, they both describe. Both theories describe it live in a neighborhood with high rates of teenage pregnancy. Unknown Speaker 54:21 out of wedlock births, and high wealthy neighborhood characteristics. Please note that each of these conditions, interestingly, regulate the husband. Now, like your predecessors in 1950 by Moynihan Report on a family these days focused largely on the full black family even though two thirds of 49 states and the members of the underclass are often described is suffering from a tangle of pathology associated with crime, drug abuse, high school dropout you know don't have to listen too closely to the discussion. But to me the article that he had an unspoken message actually, it's not always that these social pathologies, quote, again, stem from indicating families who have managed or the implication that social economic and political violence, confronting poor, mostly black families to bend and disappear, what black women marry more black men with friends in the home to provide for their wives and the hidden messages when we need desperately to understand and solve our cities, but I'm asking if we need to be guided by explanation that I think welfare reform campaign was a consensus drawing on it idea that I'm trying to highlight here and play with the possibility is that for any hatred of women, and also the use of undeclared likely, somewhat likely Michigan Thank you, together supply that love your husband that parents and then talk about intergenerational dependency between AFDC women but keeping the family my spell out some of the arguments. But the data wonder that the ACC football, football model for families and women about their mental status, unable to make the children that are facing to stay involved in protecting their children from unsupervised play, unlicensed childcare, or the absence of medical practice, welfare family has been organized by virtue of the absence of a male resident, rather than suffering from the disorganized impact, and especially the uncertainty that accompanies it, the perennial myth and looming on welfare check, earn a few extra dollars. And instead what we want to organize family life and constantly worried to have Unknown Speaker 57:22 your family to have Unknown Speaker 57:25 fun, but of course, my the only family so the husband's just forgotten that as a social institution, the two parent families, it's probably time to place a violent, historically structured organization. Unknown Speaker 57:42 The AFDC mothers are also deposits lazy and unmotivated to Unknown Speaker 57:46 work right so we know that even though many women say welfare they are still regarded as free left to suffer from poor work habits, good education, women job opportunities and abusive economics. Even on ASU students are teaming up with that belief rather than the unwilling to accept unsafe job substantive minimum wages, which is 335 An hour less than $7,000 a year this is to them less than the poverty line or failure rate what is it kind of down the poverty line it has not been history since 1981 the longest period out of high wage for the first place and thanks you 38 As you probably aware that this Unknown Speaker 58:44 legislation will now be what's what he thought was really Unknown Speaker 58:53 the big compromise that we're going to habit a 250 by liberal supporters. They want to change agents likely for people having a job full time job and what the risk is of that is the wage wage rates down in general but also sort of a trade off I have 30 days this fits very well with business concern that ends up going on that work with them to lower entry costs. So if suddenly the way that clearly welcome others lazy require them to work or not work. And in fact, without any pay, you can just enormous benefit for a family when there are very many children feeding clothing, shuffling and nurturing family members, you That's it for another day productive way, and providing care for those who are unable to work to the age, illness or lack of a job. Although critical although these tasks are critical to the smooth functioning of the economy, they are defined as work and remunerated only when performed outside the home. And even men and women's work very well like any big issue that was part of the campaign notion intergenerational. It's widely believed that the female dominated welfare culture expand is mired in poverty generation after generation. Welfare did create the underclass and certainly perpetuated. Indeed, welfare reform is driven by the need to discourage that planning welcome others to using the permanent system. The argument has two The first one is an MPC mothers are accused of excessive dependency on state. This contrasts sharply with the social directives to other women who are encouraged. socialization, love age is going to be economically dependent on that. It also contrasts sharply with immediate treatment and professional and well welcomed by the opening line, attorneys AFDC. What has become with their children. Immediate magazine celebrates high powered professionalism given are returned to us in and out. And finally, this is where they really belong isn't nice. They finally realize I'm sure you've all seen a show which you know about an article that I really think for money back with Western. The second dependency on the whole, the use of welfare itself was idle, family break up birds outside of marriage, lifetime of the mind, but AFDC the notion of intergenerational dependencies is deeply encoded and public opinion, despite the lack of conclusive evidence supporting the idea and some that actually begin to refute it, as well that causes all these behaviors that are linked with intergenerational dependency assignment 70 to 80 the bills out of stock for them to a decent at the rate of the idea that not three miners produces bad behavior that are transmitted from mother to chart, a pitch perpetuate dependence and dysfunction of course generated on purpose casually. Anyway, this has been most recently challenged by the findings of a massive longitudinal study that examined the economic status standard has been 19 years. It found that only one out of five daughters who grew up in homes You're welcome, would you use one of the five doors looking forward to working with you. Actually, a of the secret self and the overwhelming majority was never quite up there at all. So it's been noticed is the least likely to be financial system. These findings suggest that the extent to which intergenerational welfare use occurs may be related to positive factors rather than the use of programs to underpinning all criticism, the welfare and entry of many women into the labor force. And while the increased labor force participation of mothers cannot be dismissed, including mothers with young children, but nothing literally apply, to the extent we need to look at a particular circumstance, especially. Unknown Speaker 1:04:08 One of them is one of those circumstances in the ability of the web. Unknown Speaker 1:04:14 The major problem facing today, Unknown Speaker 1:04:18 unavailability of jobs with low pay Unknown Speaker 1:04:22 educational level fringe benefits on the job given the low wages of such jobs, and women earn $5 an hour for full time work and paying minor child welfare and childcare fees that cannot rise slightly better than she would like welcome back to another issue is Unknown Speaker 1:04:54 one family Unknown Speaker 1:04:56 to this the special problems they can think of him f1 payments do work for him and this is the people with the practical steps Unknown Speaker 1:05:06 all single mothers to work all the time Unknown Speaker 1:05:09 raising children demanding jobs and many married couples will resort and punch Contrary to popular belief by most now you've heard it's worth less than 1/3 work full time. Part time. Today they have they have a staff and they didn't have the kitchen. Well the sun still show the husband is working by the Blue House where they spend some time with the kids. And we're actually single mothers who purchased the house today the baby finally child. The burdens facing single mothers are surely especially those with a PC. What do you think is that well the children in Europe, where expectations are more likely to support social inclusion, claiming pocket unlimited family structure a welfare program designed to one individual responsibility. And conveniently this view is revealed. By linking topics arises either head of household and an absence to the presence of to earn to earn the death of a person's gender and marital status, rather than the differential treatment of people based on being female or discrimination. We am facing the similar way and have a responsibility to children Unknown Speaker 1:07:02 and other popular activities to bring poverty on welfare programs. And so this can be conveniently ignored. Racism, sexism, an unequal, increasingly unequal distribution. What do we mean, in very general terms, we have welfare upon leave jobs to everyone who can work dignified, uniform and simple income security. For those who cannot. cash assistance focus will never let people live below the official poverty line. And let's be available for single persons and families regardless of their marital status, or family structure. And let's face permission for a non for recipient doesn't support no more deserving that last time was mentioned here, but that many people will see their welfare through the tax code. You your parents Unknown Speaker 1:08:10 those of us who benefit that way from tech. And real social progress for being an admin, let's go beyond this one social welfare to at least reforming the labor market. We need a higher minimum wage when it's great to regulate into an index of employment policy that provide jobs for all those willing and able to work. But I didn't imagine it right in general like occupational and wage differences. We need a more equitable distribution of income as well. While that does not leave at the US Census Bureau recently recorded the top most affluent 20% of the population is thinking 47% of all households. And the bottom one is the 1.7%. And this gap is provided in the postwar period Unknown Speaker 1:09:07 getting wider and wider in the 70s. But the difference has never been all that much school, maybe 5%. Unknown Speaker 1:09:22 Finally, he was challenged with the Maryland family and the associated gender division of labor. But still the five women mostly responsible for children in the home, even though we wrote Hey, equity would be a good starting point. Even though I'm waiting to not only meet the standard of living while working with families, but will reduce the economic incentive into 10 families that causes the high pain so that we now can have parental leave policies. And right now, prepare to fight proposed on the right to abortion Unknown Speaker 1:09:58 choose Unknown Speaker 1:10:01 Many family employment policies that recognize common human need among diverse family structures, and ones that recognize equal rights and responsibilities within the workplace and the home. Only then will we move beyond issues of codependency to the underlying causes of poverty and from there to go. Common question that we Unknown Speaker 1:10:48 get is just curious Unknown Speaker 1:10:54 folks the stuff part of organized labor in that sort of plot, but Unknown Speaker 1:11:01 the fictional the ideology, Unknown Speaker 1:11:02 the eight words, so what are the single Unknown Speaker 1:11:11 black leather, multi spheres Unknown Speaker 1:11:13 fears for price labels? That that is so kind of didn't Unknown Speaker 1:11:21 fully support the welfare reform agenda exactly correctly. And, you know, Unknown Speaker 1:11:26 a lot of things that I that these ideas were inspired you might not find exact quotes here in the comments. So I knew they say things like that, they kind of doubted that. It didn't matter, because it never organized labor. Probably. Unknown Speaker 1:11:55 The reason I read this traditional event the Unknown Speaker 1:11:58 years ago, when this was what our women Unknown Speaker 1:12:04 social, exploiting the idea that, that it was chapter was young boys out of state and surrogate, Unknown Speaker 1:12:18 a professional golfer who they liked. Unknown Speaker 1:12:22 Best you are so even necessary, what happened recently, Unknown Speaker 1:12:26 it struck me that Unknown Speaker 1:12:30 it's not a battle of Unknown Speaker 1:12:32 words, so much that it was it's more subtle. That's why it's about later. It's very, it's part of Unknown Speaker 1:12:42 language. Yes. I mean, you know, that you can make sense, out of the early years that they've been working hard to keep up with ideology, and Unknown Speaker 1:12:55 things have changed a lot. So, you know, I think they're learning globally, how to think and talk about issues. And I think around welfare reform, the issue of organized labor has to deal with placing welfare bias in jobs that would otherwise be held by union members, not allowing necessarily these workers to love him on the job to be unionized. They have particular issues with a particular religion, or strength around the work, the work particle COVID. Unknown Speaker 1:13:38 I think I think also that the the memory rather than always being undercut by all these women, Unknown Speaker 1:13:43 and teenagers entering into whatever place is, one of the things that Unknown Speaker 1:13:51 I think we have to do is turn the stigma around, I feel a lot of single mother working as a nurse's aide and I was eligible for food stamps. Because I was paying so little, we want our companies stigmatized to pay their workers so that they have to be eligible for food stamps in order to support their families when we tried to put a shoe on nothing that we know. And they asked international corporations and restaurants everywhere in the world, and what they paid us with. These are mostly kids who are trying to find a summer job for themselves through school. Unknown Speaker 1:14:32 And the first thing I want to say the Unknown Speaker 1:14:34 second thing is also from personal experience. Unknown Speaker 1:14:38 With Florida Unknown Speaker 1:14:39 makes you eligible for any daycare subsidy. Direct daycare subsidy is so low that you can't work like a white collar job and be eligible for Unknown Speaker 1:14:49 there's hardly any job that you Unknown Speaker 1:14:51 can work at, etc. that will support yourself and still be eligible for daycare, and there's no middle ground in either If you're eligible for public assistance and daycare, or else, you get a $2,000 tax write off and that's all she asked me for a whole, you know, sliding scale. Hmm. So that people who have all kinds of income could get something that's more fulfilling than Unknown Speaker 1:15:19 just that you can carefully set up again very minimalist. None of them are great. But yeah, Unknown Speaker 1:15:36 I was interested in statistics Unknown Speaker 1:15:41 176 Or seven Unknown Speaker 1:15:45 competence statistics. Unknown Speaker 1:15:52 Not in my head. Someone knows, Unknown Speaker 1:15:56 it's for roughly two years I've heard Unknown Speaker 1:15:59 the conservative edge to be Unknown Speaker 1:16:03 the more Unknown Speaker 1:16:04 resistor lead Unknown Speaker 1:16:07 screws you use the kinds of retirement benefits that go to the tighter Unknown Speaker 1:16:17 the interest on previous wars Unknown Speaker 1:16:19 and the clinic, energy research on nuclear Unknown Speaker 1:16:26 assistance, not the direct costs of nuclear weapons. To use I would say 60% is a very fair if your balance is. Unknown Speaker 1:16:49 Seven if you can't avoid comparing and look at the statistics, because Unknown Speaker 1:16:57 that's usually what the Unknown Speaker 1:17:01 military, the whole social welfare system I just gave give to you to AFDC just one program that gets really attention when it does, it doesn't exactly have to apply to compensation but should attend to other programs that in fact costs a lot more than the AFDC program, but they're much better regarded, they'll get the same attention wouldn't just say that we're looking at milk and the other day I'm gonna get military excited to do what the Defense Department says Unknown Speaker 1:17:32 Facebook and foreign aid with a milspec thing. Unknown Speaker 1:17:34 So you're gonna see a range of different kinds of thing and we kind of have to understand what it is that you're looking for what you want to say to make it easy to connect the Bosque very close together with you and this might not be a social network Unknown Speaker 1:18:01 member show me percent of the other Unknown Speaker 1:18:09 guys in the billions I think that's what percent of GNP or something Unknown Speaker 1:18:19 one way to get Unknown Speaker 1:18:25 your finger in my head, Unknown Speaker 1:18:31 but I can tell you where to look for real good discussion of the figures and some new Unknown Speaker 1:18:36 pretense what contemporary social welfare, she said chapter they're called social welfare expenditures with too much or too little. And it's really I can't remember numbers, either it Unknown Speaker 1:18:47 might be something like 689 billion or something. It's a big thing. Public education, social welfare, so you don't have to be taught about the programs and then recalculate the figures to get an honest accurate figure tend to Unknown Speaker 1:19:07 appreciate your question about what you said about the Welfare Reform Act of 88. Remind what was Johnson junction training when that changed me to do that the job generally mill the end up in most skilled jobs in the history of work training programs. These kinds of work changes. And the idea originally was that to undo the click and change, modify that's one of the problems for jobs, job opportunity, jobs. And the idea was to enhance skills so that in fact, the welcome weather could lead the program and lead to a skill based job having Unknown Speaker 1:20:19 developers. Unknown Speaker 1:20:21 The problem is that those are much more expensive to run. And standing by the manpower that specialty locations evaluated lumped in with buildings that were done during the ad, on a state by state basis. To get to the one game California, New Jersey, you may have heard of some kind of pilot project with some of the states opted to engage in an evaluation found that the states aren't able to financially or unwilling to invest in the muscular camps encode them, so they will likely provide training that they label job search and maybe, so we're going to head over to the ones who are being a little facetious, but not completely. Or the worst, they're probably the worst, the worst fill in the narrow sense Workfare is part of a program that requires a wealth of knowledge and workload presenting some jargon to play for the public sector, the private sector, many people call the whole program worth fairly close to where it's coercive nature to really work here with particular kinds of definitely, Unknown Speaker 1:21:38 and then had other other work programs to do a wage subsidized Unknown Speaker 1:21:43 subsidized employment by paying the employer to hire somebody depends on Unknown Speaker 1:21:52 turnout always thinks in other words. Unknown Speaker 1:21:59 There wasn't, I mean, the history of these programs, so optimistic and the things in the ad, the actual experimentation with it, let people sort of answer the Unknown Speaker 1:22:22 question on policy, this money will come down to this date. And there are many nonprofit organizations that will be fined for such programs. So is there a possibility based on the level of engagement implemented with this particular launch and so useful? To make it work? Doesn't work, same? Distribution applies for job training, or education. So why am I here to they do tend to find programs, first of all, to very large social service providers, and a lot of people but isn't it possible for these groups or nonprofit groups to turn around and use Unknown Speaker 1:23:18 all these a lot of these kinds of situations, and I'm giving them a global critique. But in fact, individually that women have been individually, there have been some women who make very good use of it and family way up to computer programming doctor that has gone to college, I mean, so that also is true. That's different than the idea behind the program was going to happen. So I think it's also true that small organizations that could design with failure lessons Unknown Speaker 1:23:51 you have to try to do, I think you're working against to charge too much with the amount of money that will be used to fund these programs, I think that not only did not do a good job trying to launder money. Unknown Speaker 1:24:04 And also within the nature of jobs and around Unknown Speaker 1:24:09 what they do with most of the welfare mothers who get to the code, they will probably end up finding themselves so. Unknown Speaker 1:24:20 So it goes with a woman Unknown Speaker 1:24:26 that was lobbied for current status in a certain manner as opposed to the traditional manner of getting monies for our low level job training programs. That it is possible Unknown Speaker 1:24:39 I just note that Unknown Speaker 1:24:44 if there's some malleability at the state level, with response, Pisco is what brings to the states where there's another layer of decision making. It might still be in the shoe that Unknown Speaker 1:24:57 someone had an answer bag Unknown Speaker 1:25:00 Funding for New York State has to hear from Comprehensive Employment Opportunities, services, and programs that are being called totally for more so prior to getting to them, so that automatically eliminate some people but also eliminate some hoops if they want to do something that is a requirement that you have to step you have to have your own money in hand, before you can get some matches, now, you have no matching funding or connect staffing company equipment, which can be very expensive. And another company that you may not want to hear want to get into, because they don't want you. One of the problems that I'm seeing is that we see women on welfare as being failures, you're all pushed as needed to get out of the hole to get into the labor market, to get jobs, to get a better education. If you can't do those things, you see, what I think we need to do is to see these women as happy developing legitimate strategies to support themselves and their children. Welfare is a legitimate part that we can get, we don't have someone who's going to pay our rent, we should be a provider. I don't think we see them. So that women also feel that pressure women to help them. So that's why they're in a rush to get into these problems. What happens, unfortunately, and there are studies that show that Hispanic women are into this treadmill, one training program after another. And at the end of this problem, there's no doubt. There's also privacy issues, our culture also dictates that we should be many Hispanic families do not want to support their borders when they want to go out and out into the labor market. And they forget kids alone, you don't leave your kitchen. So I think public and private issues that come into play, when we look at how news groups Unknown Speaker 1:27:20 say something but as we imagine what would be like AFDC welfare. The project is single mothers that can develop on my benefit, and provide a business full economic or certainly decent economic independence. If you can, one of the way they think about AFDC would be it would be a radical, a radical transformation with that kind of support the development community to raise children by childhood. Unknown Speaker 1:27:48 What am I doing that one of the reasons why it's so well funded Touchstone was because it had the potential to convince the PTO for Unknown Speaker 1:27:58 me. And then I stopped with that could not Unknown Speaker 1:28:05 have childcare Unknown Speaker 1:28:06 issues next meeting. And Unknown Speaker 1:28:12 let me say two of them, two of the things that Naperville eventually attracted were that they finally recognized that she was going to work I had childcare benefits and medical jobs that they were likely to get when provided neither. And he was they had them to the welfare system. So what they came up with was one year of transitional benefits that they varied low, but it's not enough to cover the cost to pay for childcare for a year. And Medicaid coverage can be extended for a year, but this second six months, another two months, you'll be asked to pay a premium and health insurance premiums, that my concern with this, the positive side and recognize that these things must be in place. But the temporary transitional nature, there's a real power to at one event or run out of here. And that's a fail by itself. Secondly, when the benefits were that was the welcome and she's smart, unless she's really done a good job that covered though, provide health insurance, she will go back to work and when she was doing better, and then what will happen, the audit will reappear. See she really didn't want to work, she can hold the job. And these extended benefits are no good anyway, so let's get rid of them. So I really think that underneath that is a real setup for a failure Coronavirus. We have to watch out for them. One thing that Bob indicated against the law for long Medicaid one of the things there's not a childcare program around he was up to handle the kids so we have that problem and the money that's coming up with this program. You're not going to attract any type of payment. Unknown Speaker 1:30:07 I'm a social worker, and I work with adolescents. Black and Latino. And I came to this this session because I wanted to get onto this. But when I'm working there, I forget that someone's have Unknown Speaker 1:30:27 questions. But I'm amazed Unknown Speaker 1:30:31 that the FTC officers, that the staff are so mean, to. It's amazing. I mean, it doesn't matter who I'm talking to which family and working with this the same attitude. And it's like, you're trying to get a glimpse. Also, the boxes themselves, that they could be applied to have an elevator that's very hard to get. There'll be a lot of them in there with babies and strollers. It's one of those things, if you don't get in by 830 to 10am, you're not going to be Unknown Speaker 1:31:10 sure telephones, Unknown Speaker 1:31:12 or security locks. And they're cheaper. Unknown Speaker 1:31:15 And they're sort of the pin where people will wait for the caseworker to come out. It's it's one thing I like that Unknown Speaker 1:31:25 I wish that you can Unknown Speaker 1:31:28 sort of watch your savings, if you can write talk about these things? And are there also the positives that you get when you say Unknown Speaker 1:31:38 something about those conditions that you've described, and that that's one of the philosophy that shaped the whole, nothing's? Just think it applies to anybody, and unattractive and it's punitive. And of course, no one ever tried to use all those things to describe and discourage Unknown Speaker 1:32:05 people. And also if they disagree with me, that will be interpreted as a message doesn't have the fundamental part of philosophy Unknown Speaker 1:32:28 that should never be higher wage. Unknown Speaker 1:32:33 And no, there's always going to be less jobs Unknown Speaker 1:32:41 going on that, that when you hear things that work ethic and so on, people have said that under people's welfare instead of going to work in childcare, and also the way the states like the US and Medicaid as Unknown Speaker 1:33:01 well wealthier than the wage job, which is so low. That's another Unknown Speaker 1:33:08 issue in terms of the chair. Unknown Speaker 1:33:12 I'm trying my best to find out what what's going on welcome. New York City that there was an act of one. I think there's maybe some Unknown Speaker 1:33:23 stirring again, but let me just say that. I see hearing evidence of getting organized and Unknown Speaker 1:33:32 just the other Unknown Speaker 1:33:35 day, something happened that we haven't quite seen yet. Where women, not just about welfare, right? Unknown Speaker 1:33:43 We were raised up in Scotland Maybe. Who knows maybe we'll have an opportunity Unknown Speaker 1:33:58 into your original formulation.